Nature Energy D/D1/国际能源技术 D1

发布：2026-06-05

Subjects Batteries Abstract Fe-based polyanionic cathodes are promising for large-scale Na-ion batteries owing to their stability, safety and elemental abundance, however their capacity remains limite...

Subjects Batteries Abstract Fe-based polyanionic cathodes are promising for large-scale Na-ion batteries owing to their stability, safety and elemental abundance, however their capacity remains limited by electrochemically inactive Na sites and irreversible Na loss. Here we identify that the Na + coordination environment critically influences the Na-site accessibility and redox activity in Na 4 Fe 3 (PO 4 ) 2 P 2 O 7 -type cathodes. Combined experimental and theoretical analyses reveal that precise V 3+ substitution at the Fe2 site harmonizes Na + coordination geometry and softens the polyanionic framework, thereby activating previously inert Na sites and stabilizing high-voltage redox reactions above 4 V. The optimized Na 3.4 Fe 2.4 V 0.6 (PO 4 ) 2 P 2 O 7 achieves full Na + utilization (3.4 Na + , 150.7 mAh g −1 ) and a 52% increase in energy density (487 Wh kg −1 ), approaching the practical limit of Li-ion phosphate cathodes. It also demonstrates exceptional durability over 10,000 cycles in the 2.1-4.5 V range and stable pouch-cell performance. These findings provide a coordination-based strategy to overcome intrinsic capacity limitations in phosphate cathodes, enabling high-energy, durable Na-ion batteries. Access through your institution Buy or subscribe This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution Access options Access through your institution Access Nature and 54 other Nature Portfolio journals Get Nature+, our best-value online-access subscription 27,99 € / 30 days cancel any time Learn more Subscribe to this journal Receive 12 digital issues and online access to articles 111,21 € per year only 9,27 € per issue Learn more Buy this article Purchase on SpringerLink Instant access to the full article PDF. 39,95 € Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout Fig. 1: Design of harmonized Na + coordination in NFPP cathode. The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI. Fig. 2: Structural analysis of NFV x PP cathodes. The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI. Fig. 3: Electrochemical performance of NFV 0.6 PP. The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI. Fig. 4: Charge compensation mechanism in NFPP and NFV 0.6 PP electrodes. The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI. Fig. 5: Structural evolution of NFPP and NFV 0.6 PP cathodes during Na + storage. The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI. Fig. 6: Electrochemical performance of NFV 0.6 PP cells. The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI. Similar content being viewed by others Sustainable layered cathode with suppressed phase transition for long-life sodium-ion batteries Article 15 February 2024 Induced effect regulation of Nasicon-Type polyanion cathodes toward high-energy Na-ion batteries Article Open access 03 June 2026 Development of vanadium-based polyanion positive electrode active materials for high-voltage sodium-based batteries Article Open access 14 July 2022 Data availability All data supporting the conclusions of this study are provided within the main article and its Supplementary Information files. Source data are provided with this paper. References Yao, A., Benson, S. M. & Chueh, W. C. Critically assessing sodium-ion technology roadmaps and scenarios for techno-economic competitiveness against lithium-ion batteries. Nat. Energy 10 , 404–416 (2025). Article Google Scholar Kim, H. et al. New iron-based mixed-polyanion cathodes for lithium and sodium rechargeable batteries: combined first principles calculations and experimental study. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134 , 10369–10372 (2012). Article Google Scholar Chen, M. et al. NASICON-type air-stable and all-climate cathode for sodium-ion batteries with low cost and high-power density. Nat. Commun. 10 , 1480 (2019). Article Google Scholar Ahsan, Z. et al. Recent development of phosphate based polyanion cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. 14 , 2400373 (2024). Article Google Scholar Zhao, A. et al. Revealing the phase evolution in Na 4 Fe x P 4 O 12+ x (2 ≤ x ≤ 4) cathode materials. ACS Energy Lett. 8 , 753–761 (2022). Article Google Scholar Zhao, A. et al. A novel Fe-defect induced pure-phase Na 4 Fe 2.91 (PO 4 ) 2 P 2 O 7 cathode material with high capacity and ultra-long lifetime for low-cost sodium-ion batteries. Nano Energy 91 , 106680 (2022). Article Google Scholar Xu, C. et al. Development of high-performance iron-based phosphate cathodes toward practical Na-ion batteries. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 146 , 9819–9827 (2024). Article Google Scholar Hao, Z.-L. et al. Heterogeneous-interface-induced charge redistribution toward Fe-based polyanion cathode for advanced sodium-ion batteries. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 147 , 13905–13914 (2025). Article Google Scholar Qi, X. et al. Copper-induced lattice distortion in Na 4 Fe 3 (PO 4 ) 2 (P 2 O 7 ) cathode enabling high power density Na-ion